- Softening of nail bed
- Obliteration of angle
- Parrot beak or drumstick or both
- Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
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#1 by John Jose at September 9th, 2010
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Hypertrophic pulmonary osteo-arthropathy is also known as Pierre Marie-Bamberger syndrome
#2 by John Jose at September 9th, 2010
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This form has a hereditary component, although subtle cardiac abnormalities can occasionally be found. It is known eponymously as the Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome. This condition has been linked to mutations in the gene on the fourth chromosome (4q33-q34)coding for the enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD); this leads to decreased breakdown of prostaglandin E2 and elevated levels of this substance.
Ref: Uppal S, Diggle CP, Carr IM, et al. (June 2008). “Mutations in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy”. Nat. Genet. 40 (6): 789–93